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Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris UTBK SNBT
Text for question 1-3!
Soal 1
Who perceived standardized testing provides an objective measurement of student performance?
a. James Andrew
b. Moriah Kent
c. Loren Kaplan
d. Connor Valadez
e. Jason Sanders
Answer: (B) Moriah Kent
Soal 2
The word “hinder” in James Andrew’s post is closest in meaning to ….
a. Release
b. Liberate
c. Obstruct
d. Determine
e. Provoke
Answer: (C) Obstruct
Soal 3
What is the tone of the thread regarding the standardized test?
a. Encouraging
b. Passionate
c. Neutral
d. Argumentative
e. Humorous
Answer: (D) Argumentative
Text 1
There was a forum on mining convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research. The event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality. The forum comes hot on the heels of the 2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who transformed the western United States, the first space miners won’t just enrich themselves. They also hope to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects. In this scenario, water mined from other worlds could become the most desired commodity. “In the desert, what’s worth more: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?” asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York. “Gold is useless. Water will let you live.”
Water ice from the moon’s poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary refueling stations. Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminum in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.
Text 2
The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all. But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences —both here on Earth and in space—merit careful consideration.
Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space’s “magnificent desolation” is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet’s poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space’s riches is not an acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life. History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving. After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked
through Antarctica’s icy landscapes.
There’s also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached—and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly. Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are often reluctant to engage with such questions. One speaker at last week’s space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek one out.
Soal 4
Which of the following statements is an opinion from Text 1 and 2?
a. The forum comes hot on the heels of the 2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
b. Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research, the event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality.
c. But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought.
d. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary refueling stations. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure.
Answer: (C) But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought.
Soal 5
What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?
a. Text 2 is not opinionated, while Text 2 is.
b. Text 2 refutes the central claim advanced in Text 1.
c. Text 2 illustrates the phenomenon described in more general terms in Text 1.
d. Text 2 expresses reservations about developments discussed in Text 1.
e. Text 2 argues against the practicality of the proposals put forth in Text 1.
Answer: (D) Text 2 expresses reservations about developments discussed in Text 1.
Soal 6
According to Text 2, space mining has positive potential but…
a. It will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless treatment of the environment.
b. Its effects should be thoughtfully considered before it becomes a reality.
c. Such potential may not include replenishing key resources that are disappearing on Earth.
d. Experts disagree about the commercial viability of the discoveries it could yield
e. It could create unanticipated technological innovations.
Answer: (B) Its effects should be thoughtfully considered before it becomes a reality
Text 1
In 1894, British psychologist C. Lloyd Morgan published what’s called Morgan’s canon, the principle that suggestions of humanlike mental processes behind an animal’s behavior should be rejected if a simpler explanation will do. Still, people seem to maintain certain expectations, especially when it comes to birds and mammals. “We somehow want to prove they are as ‘smart’ as people,” zoologist Sara Shettleworth says. We want a bird that masters a vexing problem to be employing humanstyle insight.
New Caledonian crows face the high end of these expectations, as possibly the second-best toolmakers on the planet. Their tools are hooked sticks or strips made from spikeedged leaves, and they use them in the wild to winkle grubs out of crevices. Researcher Russell Gray first saw the process on a cold morning in a mountain forest in New Caledonia, an island chain east of Australia. Over the course of days, he and crow researcher Gavin Hunt had gotten wild crows used to finding meat tidbits in holes in a log. Once the birds were checking the log reliably, the researchers placed a spiky tropical pandanus plant beside the log and hid behind a blind.
A crow arrived. It hopped onto the pandanus plant, grabbed the spiked edge of one of the long straplike leaves and began a series of ripping motions. Instead of just tearing away one long strip, the bird ripped and nipped in a sequence to create a slanting stair-step edge on a leaf segment with a narrow point and a wide base. The process took only seconds. Then the bird dipped the narrow end of its leaf strip into a hole in the log, fished up the meat with the leaf-edge spikes, swallowed its prize and flew off. “That was my ‘oh wow’ moment,” Gray says. After the crow had vanished, he picked up the tool the bird had left behind. “I had a go, and I couldn’t do it,” he recalls. Fishing the meat out was tricky. It turned out that Gray was moving the leaf shard too forcefully instead of gently stroking the spines against the treat. The crow’s deft physical manipulation was what inspired Gray and Auckland colleague Alex Taylor to test other wild crows to see if they employed the seemingly insightful stringpulling solutions that some ravens, kea parrots and other brainiac birds are known to employ. Three of four crows passed that test on the first try.
Text 2
For one month after they left the nest, I led my four young ravens at least once and sometimes several times a day on thirty-minute walks. During these walks, I wrote down everything in their environment they pecked at. In the first sessions, I tried to be teacher. I touched specific objects— sticks, moss, rocks—and nothing that I touched remained untouched by them. They came to investigate what I had investigated, leading me to assume that young birds are aided in learning to identify food from the parents’ example. They also, however, contacted almost everything else that lay directly in their own paths. They soon became more independent by taking their own routes near mine. Even while walking along on their own, they pulled at leaves, grass stems, flowers, bark, pine needles, seeds, cones, clods of earth, and other objects they encountered. I wrote all this down, converting it to numbers. After they were thoroughly familiar with the background objects in these woods and started to ignore them, I seeded the path we would later walk together with objects they had never before encountered. Some of these were conspicuous food items: raspberries, dead meal worm beetles, and cooked corn kernels. Others were conspicuous and inedible: pebbles, glass chips, red winterberries. Still others were such highly cryptic foods as encased caddisfly larvae and moth cocoons. The results were dramatic.
The four young birds on our daily walks contacted all new objects preferentially. They picked them out at a rate of up to tens of thousands of times greater than background or previously contacted objects. The main initial criterion for pecking or picking anything up was its novelty. In subsequent trials, when the previously novel items were edible, they became preferred and the inedible objects became “background” items, just like the leaves, grass, and pebbles, even if they were highly conspicuous. These experiments showed that ravens’ curiosity ensures exposure to all or almost all items in the environment.
Soal 7
What is the main purpose of Text 1?
a. Offers historical background in order to question the uniqueness of two researchers’ findings.
b. Offers interpretive context in order to frame the discussion of an experiment and its results.
c. Introduces a scientific principle in order to show how an experiment’s outcomes validated that principle.
d. Presents seemingly contradictory stances in order to show how they can be reconciled empirically.
e. Illustrates some ways in which the ability to navigate long distances can help a species.
Answer: (B) Offers interpretive context in order to frame the discussion of an experiment and its results.
Soal 8
Which of the following best restates the second sentence in Paragraph 1 in Text 1?
a. Humans tend to have a particular expectations about some animals, especially birds and mammals.
b. People are not likely to expect things from birds and mammals as they are animals not humans.
c. Birds are inevitably expected to have certain specialties unlike mammals.
d. Both birds and mammals are unreliable for some people when it comes to expectation.
e. Many people believe that mammals are more reliable rather than birds.
Answer: (A) Humans tend to have a particular expectations about some animals, especially birds and mammals.
Text 1
When I saw workingmen engaged with grave assiduity in fashioning weapons of death, I was struck with wonder at the shortsightedness of human beings, who were soberly preparing the instruments of destruction of their own species. I have since found upon a closer study of man, that my wonder might have been spared. The views of most individuals are limited to their own happiness, and the workmen whom I beheld so busy in the arsenal of Venice saw nothing but what was good in the labor for which they received such wages as procured them the comforts of life. That their immediate satisfaction was not hindered by a view of the remote consequential and contingent evils for which they were responsible would not surprise one who has had seen too much of the world. We must have the telescope of philosophy to make us perceive distant ills; further, we know that there are individuals of our species to whom the immediate misery of others is nothing in comparison with their own advantage—for we know that in every age there have been found men very willing to perform the office of executioner.
Text 2
With proper recognition of the possible variation of individuals, we can say that patriotism is one of these unalterable facts of man’s nature. A talent for fighting solidarity with a group is a part of the instinct of human beings. It is composed of two tendencies that are laid down in his nervous system when he is born called pugnacity and gregariousness, or group-loyalty. All men and most animals are pugnacious. They love to fight. Everybody loves to fight. Some people get all the
fighting they want at the breakfast table, and other people have to carry it out in the law courts or the battlefield, where it makes more noise. Roosevelt loves to charge up San Juan Hill, and then he loves to prosecute for libel anybody that says he didn’t charge up San Juan Hill. War people fight for war and peace people fight for peace. When Roosevelt calls the peace people mollycoddles and college sissies, I only want to walk up and smash him. It is far better though that we should conquer our instinct to fight and put faith in reason. It may seem gigantic; but it is by no means a utopian undertaking to unite the whole world of nations in such a federation. For all the organic interests of men, except their sheer love of patriotic fighting itself, are against the perpetual recurrence of international war. War and the mere joy of existence are incompatible. War makes it impossible to live, and it makes it impossible even to die for a noble purpose. Let men but understand themselves, and the mechanism of their emotions by which they are brought into this perennial catastrophe, and they will be ready enough to take gigantic measures to prevent it.
Soal 9
How would the author of Text 2 likely respond to the statement made by the author of Text 1 that, “the views of most individuals are limited to their own happiness”?
A. Most individuals lack the understanding to work for anything other than their own happiness.
B. Happiness can never come from patriotic fever.
C. Happiness is not relevant to the understanding of war.
D. Individual happiness is nonetheless often derived from group association.
E. Someone’s happiness may come from others’ happiness
Answer: (D) Individual happiness is nonetheless often derived from group association.
Soal 10
Which of the following statements shows that the author in Text 2 longs to a life lived in peace?
A. War makes it impossible to live, and it makes it impossible even to die for a noble purpose.
B. A talent for fighting solidarity with a group is a part of the instinct of human beings.
C. Some people get all the fighting they want at the breakfast table, and other people have to carry it out in the law courts or the battlefield, where it makes more noise.
D. It is composed of two tendencies that are laid down in his nervous system when he is born called pugnacity and gregariousness, or group-loyalty.
E. Roosevelt loves to charge up San Juan Hill, and then he loves to prosecute for libel anybody that says he didn’t charge up San Juan Hill.
Answer: (A) War makes it impossible to live, and it makes it impossible even to die for a noble purpose
Text:
Kids who are cyberbullied may display the same behavioral changes as those who are bullied in more traditional ways. For example, they exhibit a loss of interest in activities and engage in secretive behavior.
In extreme cases, or when cyberbullying is prolonged, kids sometimes even exhibit more significant behavioral changes. These can include:
Using drugs or alcohol: Kids who are harassed online are more likely to engage in substance abuse. In fact, one study found that targets of cyberbullying were 2.5 times more likely to use marijuana or engage in binge drinking than their peers.
Skipping school: Sometimes when kids are cyberbullied, the thought of going to school is just more than they can handle. Consequently, it’s not uncommon for them to skip school or even behave in such a way that results in suspension. In one survey, those who were cyberbullied reported two or more suspensions or detentions in the prior year.7
Carrying a weapon: Even more concerning is the fact that kids who are cyberbullied are more likely to bring a weapon to school. In fact, one survey found that targets of cyberbullying were eight times more likely to have brought a weapon to school in the last 30 days than their peers.
Source: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-are-the-effects-of-cyberbullying-460558
11. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The emergency of using drugs and alcohol for kids
B. The reason why the kids skip from the school
C. The behavioral effect of cyberbullying
D. The used of a weapon caused by cyberbullying
E. The loss of interest of activity caused by drugs addiction
Answer: C
12. The word harassed in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….
A. Bullied
B. Cared
C. Enjoyed
D. Stalked
E. Played
Answer: A
Text:
Being targeted by cyberbullies can be crushing, especially if a lot of kids are participating in it. The feelings of overwhelm and stress can manifest physically, which issues such as:
Gastrointestinal issues: The stress of bullying also can cause or worsen conditions like upset stomach, abdominal pain, and stomach ulcers. Kids may also struggle with frequent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Disordered eating: Kids who are cyberbullied may experience changes in eating habits like skipping meals or binge eating. Because their lives feel out of control, they look to their eating patterns as something they can control. These efforts may morph into a full-blown eating disorder, especially if the bullying has caused a distorted body image.
Sleep disturbances: Experiencing cyberbullying can impact a person’s sleep patterns. They may suffer from sleep issues like insomnia, sleeping more than usual, or nightmares.
If you notice that your child is experiencing changes in their eating and sleeping habits, or if they are experiencing increased physical issues, it’s important to speak with your child’s doctor. These could be signs of bigger issue that needs evaluation.
Source: https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-are-the-effects-of-cyberbullying-460558
13. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that…
A. The feelings of overwhelm and stress caused by cyberbullying can manifest through physical
B. Sleep disturbances is one of the cyberbullying effect
C. Vomiting and diarrhea often happen to the kids due to their unhygienic food they consume
D. Kids need to be encouraged to drink vitamin for handling their eating disordered
E. Cyberbullying is commonly happened in childhood age, parents no need to pay more attention to this phenomenon.
Answer: A
14. Mention the suggestion that you can find from the passage…
A. The stress of bullying also can cause or worsen conditions like upset stomach, abdominal pain, and stomach ulcers
B. Kids who are cyberbullied may experience changes in eating habits like skipping meals or binge eating
C. These efforts may morph into a full-blown eating disorder, especially if the bullying has caused a distorted body image
D. Experiencing cyberbullying can impact a person’s sleep patterns
E. It is important to speak with your child’s doctor if the kids are experiencing increased physical issues.
Answer: E
Text
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by a variety of infectious viruses and noninfectious agents leading to a range of health problems, some of which can be fatal. There are five main strains of the hepatitis virus, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E.
While they all cause liver disease, they differ in important ways including modes of transmission, severity of the illness, geographical distribution and prevention methods. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and together are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and viral hepatitis-related deaths. An estimated 354 million people worldwide live with hepatitis B or C, and for most, testing and treatment remain beyond reach.
Some types of hepatitis are preventable through vaccination. A WHO study found that an estimated 4.5 million premature deaths could be prevented in low- and middle-income countries by 2030 through vaccination, diagnostic tests, medicines and education campaigns. WHO’s global hepatitis strategy, endorsed by all WHO Member States, aims to reduce new hepatitis infections by 90% and deaths by 65% between 2016 and 2030.
Source: https://www.who.int/health-topics/hepatitis#tab=tab_1
15. From passage, it can be concluded that …
A. The inflammation of the liver can be reduced by doing the vaccination
B. All Hepatitis can be vaccinated to avoid it
C. Hepatitis is a deadly disease that can’t be cured
D. The massive hepatitis infected are Hepatitis B and C
E. All Hepatitis can be transmitted from the food and the use of cutleries together.
Answer: D
16. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E is all the same in infecting the liver but differ from one to each other based on these way, except? …
A. modes of transmission,
B. severity of the illness,
C. geographical distribution
D. prevention methods
E. the organ effect
Answer: E
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